These 12 included two pilot studies considered of poor methodological quality, and only three of the identified CLBP studies were considered to have an acceptable adherence to the intervention. Of the 17 articles, 12 were focussed on back pain. However the relevance and quality of the articles was limited. ![]() searched through different databases, also in 2011, to identify 17 articles on functional disability, pain and depression. conducted an electronic search in 2011 to identify 8 yoga articles, with a focus on pain and functional disability. A few meta-analysis studies were completed with 2011 searches, generally showing a positive effect, but limited in general by a relatively small total number of eligible RCTs. Several randomized control trials (RCT) about yoga’s effect on low back pain have been completed however they have varying outcome measures about pain and functional disability. ![]() There are many treatment options, but few have strong evidence for being effective. CAM therapies are used mostly to treat musculoskeletal conditions, in particular back pain and to a lesser degree neck pain.ĬLBP pain affects millions of people. In 2007, yoga was the 7 th most commonly used CAM therapy. National Health Interview Survey data conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) show increased usage for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments. Yoga popularity has grown tremendously in the past several years. Another experiential factor comes from the yoga center itself, which can provide a sense of social and spiritual community. The intensity can range from gentle to strenuous, with some types of yoga providing a cardiovascular workout, and others focused on relaxation and calmness. ![]() Other yoga styles exist and the experience in one style or class can be very different. Iyengar yoga has a focus on holding postures, and the use of modifications (such as blocks, belts, chairs, blankets) to accommodate individual physical abilities. They often encourage positive self-images. The instructor provides guidance for correct postures, breathing and focus. A typical Hatha yoga program involves a group led by an instructor for a ~ 60–90 minute session. Modern Hatha yoga usually combines elements of postural positioning, breathing, concentration, and meditation. As classically described, yoga poses comprise just one of the eight components of a broader discipline of physical, mental, and spiritual health. The eight components guide conduct within society, personal discipline, postures/poses (“asanas”), breathing, concentration, contemplation, meditation and absorption/stillness. Yoga involves a process of physical and mental training towards self-realization, the practice of which has eight component limbs. ![]() The word “yoga” literally means “yoking”, or “joining together” for a harmonious relationship between body, mind and emotions to unite individual human spirit with divine spirit or the True Self. Rates of major depression are 20% for persons with chronic back pain, compared to 6% for pain-free individuals. People suffering from chronic low back pain have other associated problems such as anxiety, depression, and disability, with a reduced quality of life. Among those who suffer from an episode of low back pain, one year later as many as 33% have moderate intensity pain, and 15% may have severe pain. However 25–80% of low back pain patients experience some form of recurrent back problem in the following year. 80–90% return to work within 12 weeks post injury. The majority of individuals with back pain and sciatica recover from an acute episode in 4–8 weeks. It is the most common cause of limited activity in people below the age of 45, is the second most frequent reason for visits to a physician, the third most common reason for surgery, and the fifth most common cause of hospital admission in the United States. About one fourth of United States adults report low back pain, lasting a whole day or more, at some point within the past 3 months.
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